Exosome RNA Exosome RNA Research & Industry News
from The Scientist by Emma Yasinski
A small study finds that the tiny extracellular vesicles from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have RNA content distinct from patients with cirrhosis only.
RNA sequencing may help doctors diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma earlier, according to preliminary data presented Sunday (March 31) at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting in Atlanta, Georgia.
HCC is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for 65 percent of cases in the United States. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol-related liver scarring, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the primary risk factors for the disease. In the United States, the incidence of HCC rose from 1.4 out of 100,000 cases per year in the late 1970s to 6.2 out of 100,000 cases in 2011 and is expected to continue to increase for at least another decade as patients struggle with obesity and hepatitis B. Liver scarring, known as cirrhosis, which can occur as a result of any insult to the organ, puts patients at high risk for developing HCC, with 80–90 percent of HCC patients having had cirrhosis first.
In an effort to detect the cancer as early as possible, cirrhosis patients get ultrasounds and blood tests every six months to look for signs of tumors. But, current tests only identify about 63 percent of cases, Augusto Villaneuva, a hematologist and oncologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, tells The Scientist, leaving doctors and patients searching for more sensitive screening.
“We need new tools that can help us detect tumors earlier,” says Villanueva.
