Exosome RNA Exosome RNA Research & Industry News
Cancer progression is a polygenic procedure in which the exosomes can function as substantial roles. Exosomes are tiny, phospholipid bilayer membrane nanovesicles of endocytic derivation with a diameter of 40-100 nm. These nanovesicles can transport bioactive molecules containing mRNAs, proteins, DNA fragments, and non-coding RNAs from a donor cell to recipient cells, and cause the alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors and reprogramming of the target cells. Many diverse cell types such as mesenchymal cells, immune cells, and cancer cells can induce the release of exosomes. Increasing evidence illustrated that the exosomes derived from tumor cells might trigger the tumor initiation, tumor cell growth and progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The secreted nanovesicles of exosomes can play significant roles in cells communicate via shuttling the nucleic acid molecules and proteins to target cells and tissues. Researchers from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences discuss multiple mechanisms related to biogenesis, load, and shuttle of the exosomes. Also, they illustrate the diverse roles of exosomes in several types of human cancer development, tumor immunology, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The exosomes may act as the promising biomarkers for the prognosis of various types of cancers which suggested a new pathway for anti-tumor therapeutic of these nanovesicles and promoted exosome-based cancer for clinical diagnostic and remedial procedures.
Exosomes drive pre-metastatic niche formation
The formation of the pre-metastatic niche is required for organ-specific metastatic tropism. The exosomes can move to the distant location for increasing the formation of pre-metastatic niche. The complementation of angiogenesis and induction of stromal and epithelial cell differentiation can be associated with a pro-tumor environment. Tumor-derived exosomes provide a pre-metastatic niche, through the polarization of tissue macrophage, suppression of dendritic cell maturation, induction of CAF (cancer-associated fibroblasts) via differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This effect can be performed via the mediation of intercellular cross-talk and subsequent adjustment of both local and distant microenvironments in an autocrine and paracrine fashion.
