Self-assembling heterodimeric prodrug nanoparticles for dual-targeted cancer therapy

Researchers from Jeonbuk National University have developed an innovative approach to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. Their work focuses on disrupting cancer cells’ redox balance, a delicate system that keeps harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) in check.

The team created a specialized drug called boronated RA-based heterodimeric prodrug (BRDP), which builds on the cancer-killing potential of all-trans retinoic acid (RA). RA is known to generate ROS and block an important cancer-promoting enzyme called Pin1. By combining these actions, BRDP delivers a double hit to tumors: increasing oxidative stress and shutting down pathways cancer cells need to grow.

To make the drug even more targeted, the researchers attached it to fucoidan, a natural sugar that binds specifically to P-selectin, a molecule often found on the surface of cancer cells. The resulting f-BRDP nanoparticles can travel directly to tumors, build up there, and release their effects with minimal harm to the rest of the body.

In laboratory and mouse models, these nanoparticles effectively reduced tumor growth while avoiding major side effects. The researchers say this approach could help overcome the limitations of traditional cancer drugs, offering a more precise and less toxic option for patients.